Showing posts with label KEB. Show all posts
Showing posts with label KEB. Show all posts

Go On! Human trafficking conference

(Go On! is an occasional item on symposia and other events of interest)

"Which Way Home" -- a reference to the issue of human trafficking -- is the title of the 20th Annual Northern Illinois Law Review symposium to be held will be held April 14 and 15 in DeKalb.
The program will begin with a showing at 7:30 p.m. on April 14 of the Oscar-nominated film of the same name, about which IntLawGrrls posted a while back. The showing will be followed by a question-and-answer session with Sara McDowell, Senior Immigration Attorney for the National Center for Refugee and Immigrant Children, who represented the children in the film.
During the daylong symposium that will follow on April 15, speakers -- including IntLawGrrl Karen E. Bravo and keynote lecturer M. Cherif Bassiouni -- will identify key areas of human trafficking, use of the U.S. court system to combat trafficking, and future policy regarding trafficking. Symposium Editor Emily M. Martin writes:

Although human trafficking is often thought as a distant, international issue, in reality, it is right outside our backdoor. Chicago and Rockford are both human trafficking hubs and Illinois recently passed the strongest anti-trafficking laws in the country.

Details here.


Black Women Teaching International Law (U.S.)

Quick! Name the Black women who teach international, comparative, foreign relations, or immigration/asylum law at U.S. law schools!
A friend asked me this awhile back, but I realize now that it should be an impossible task. There should be far too many to name in a single blogpost.
It’s like asking someone to name the women in international law. We couldn’t possibly provide a comprehensive response to any such request, but IntLawGrrls includes many such voices here. See posts on
--women who are experts on international law;
--women who participated in recent meetings or the leadership of the American Society of International Law;
--or the many regular contributors and guest bloggers on IntLawGrrls.com (see list at right). Still, not enough women in international law.
The field has made some progress in the inclusion of African-American and other Black women since people like the late Professor Goler Teal Butcher, an IntLawGrrls foremother, opened new paths. (See, e.g., Henry J. Richardson, Tribute: African-Americans in International Law: for Professor Goler Teal Butcher, 37 Howard Law Journal 21 (1994) and Hope Lewis, ed., Blacks in U.S. Foreign Policy: A Retrospective (TransAfrica Forum, 1987).
Still, we “have promises to keep,/And miles to go before (we) sleep.”
I will likely inadvertently omit some obvious names, but one must begin somewhere...So, here’s a start. I hope that readers will add names in the comment section or contact me directly with updates so that there can be a “part II” (and, someday, an impossibly long list).
Special thanks to Dr. Jeremy Levitt, who organized a roundtable: “Toward an International Law of Black Women: New Theory, New Praxis” co-sponsored by ASIL and the Florida A & M University College of Law in March. Thanks as well to members of the Association of American Law Schools Minority Law Professors’ List-serv for their suggestions. Of course, this list does not include non-Global Law fields in which these scholars teach, so I've linked to their bio pages for the full story.
Adjoa A. Aiyetoro, (photo, right) Associate Professor of Law, William H. Bowen School of Law, University of Arkansas, Little Rock (International Human Rights Law, Reparations)
Michele Alexandre (photo, left), Associate Professor of Law, University of Mississippi School of Law (International Human Rights Law)
Rachel J. Anderson (photo, left), Associate Professor of Law, William S. Boyd School of Law, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (International Law, International Human Rights, International Business Transactions), an IntLawGrrls guest/alumna.
Penelope E. Andrews (photo, below right), Professor of Law and incoming Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, City University of New York (CUNY) School of Law (International Human Rights Law (including critical approaches to gender and race/intersectionality)) (Her IntLawGrrls guest posts are here.)
Angela M. Banks (photo, right), Assistant Professor of Law, William & Mary Law School (International Law, Immigration Law, Human Rights Law, Gender and Human Rights)
Taunya Lovell Banks (photo, left), Jacob A. France Professor of Equality Jurisprudence and Francis & Harriet Iglehart Research Professor of Law (Race, Subordination, and Citizenship)
IntLawGrrl Karen E. Bravo (photo right), Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law-Indianapolis (International Law, International Business Transactions, International Trade Law, Illicit International Markets) (Her posts are here.)
Eleanor M. Brown (photo right), Associate Professor, George Washington University School of Law (U.S. Immigration and Global Development Policy)
Margaret A. Burnham (photo, below center), Professor of Law, Northeastern University School of Law (International Criminal Law, Comparative Constitutional Law, International Human Rights Law)



Danielle Conway (formerly Conway-Jones) (photo, left), Professor of Law, William S. Richardson School of Law, University of Hawaii (International Intellectual Property Law, Comparative Intellectual Property)
Lisa A. Crooms (photo, left), Professor of Law, Howard University Law School (International Human Rights, Human Rights and Gender, Human Rights in the U.S.)
Marcella David (Photo, right), Professor of Law, Associate Dean for International and Comparative Law, University of Iowa College of Law (Public International Law, U.S. Foreign Relations Law, International Organizations, Human Rights)
Marsha A. Echols (photo, right), Professor of Law, Howard University Law School (International Law, International Business Transactions, International Sales, International Economic Law)
IntLawGrrl Marjorie Florestal (photo, left), Associate Professor of Law, Pacific McGeorge School of Law (European Union Law, International Trade and Development) (See IntLawGrrls posts here.)
Erika R. George (photo, right), Professor of Law, S.J. Quinney College of Law, University of Utah (Internaitonal Human Rights Law, International Environmental Law)
Ruth Gordon (photo, right), Professor of Law, Villanova Law School (International Law, International Trade and Investment, International Environmental Law
Linda S. Greene (photo, left), Evjue-Bascom Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Law (Sports Law (comparative and international), former member, U.S. Olympics Committee)
Tanya Kateri Hernandez (photo, right), Professor of Law, Fordham University School of Law (Comparative Law (civil rights, race relations, and inheritance law), Latin American Studies, Latinos and the Law)
Lolita K. Buckner Inniss (photo, right), Professor of Law, Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, Cleveland State University (Comparative Racism & the Law--U.S./Canada, Immigration Law)
Sylvia Kang'ara (photo, right) , Professor of Law, University of Washington School of Law (International Law, Comparative Private Law)
Deana E. Lewis (photo, left), Adjunct Professor of Law, Florida A & M University College of Law (International Law and the Human Rights of Women)
Hope Lewis (photo, left), Professor of Law, Northeastern University School of Law (International Law, International Human Rights and the Global Economy, Transnational Dimensions of Race, Gender, and Culture) (See my IntLawGrrls posts here.)
Judge Gabrielle Kirk McDonald (photo above, top), President of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (1997-1999) (has taught at several law schools, including St. Mary’s University, the University of Texas and Texas Southern University’s Thurgood Marshall School of Law).
Gay J. McDougall (photo, left), Distinguished Scholar in Residence, Washington College of Law, American University (2006-2008), UN Independent Expert on Minority Issues (International Human Rights Law, Comparative Race Relations, U.S. Foreign Relations Law) (see IntLawGrrls posts here.)
Michelle McKinley (photo, right), Assistant Professor of Law, University of Oregon School of Law (Public International Law, Immigration Law, Refugee & Asylum Law)
Odeana R. Neal (photo, below center), Professor of Law, University of Baltimore School of Law (Law and Human Rights)


Camille A. Nelson, Professor of Law, Hofstra Law School (Comparative Criminal Law, Transnational Law)
Leslye Obiora (photo, left), Professor of Law, James E. Rogers College of Law, University of Arizona (Public International Law, International Human Rights Law)
Catherine Powell (photo, right), Associate Professor of Law, Fordham Law School (on leave at U.S. Department of State) (International Law, Human Rights, Comparative Constitutional Law
Chantal Thomas (photo, left), Professor of Law, Cornell Law School (International Law and Developing Countries, International Trade Law, Globalization and the Law)
Adrien Katherine Wing (photo, right), Bessie Dutton Murray Professor, College of Law, University of Iowa (International Human Rights Law, Comparative Constitutional Law, U.S. Foreign Relations)
Jeanne M. Woods (photo, left), Henry F. Bonura Distinguished Professor, Loyola University School of Law, New Orleans (Public International Law, International Trade Law, International Human Rights Law) More than I thought, fewer than I hoped for, but what an inspiring enterprise researching this post has been!

Read On! Half the Sky: Half the Story?

(Read On! ... occasional posts on writing worth reading) I recently spent two gripping days reading Nicholas D. Kristof's and Sheryl WuDunn's riveting book, Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide (2009). Named for a Chinese proverb that states that women hold up half the sky, the book addresses many of the multiplicity of challenges and mechanisms of violence confronting women throughout the world, including gendercide, human trafficking, rape, female genital surgery, obstetric fistulas and maternal mortality.
In each case, Kristof and WuDunn describe challenges and atrocities, and offer the stories of women (and some men) whose extraordinary characters and/or a confluence of (relatively) beneficial circumstances, allow them to triumph over circumstances that are ordinarily both soul-killing and literally murderous. Mukhtar Mai survived ritual public gang rape and humiliation to found a welfare organization and series of extraordinary schools for girls in Pakistan. Usha Narayane lead the Dalit people of Kasturba Nagar in overthrowing the rule of violent thugs and official indifference to their plight. Edna Adan has created a hospital in Somaliland spearheads an extraordinary fight against maternal mortality in the Horn of Africa. Placed in circumstances that would try any wo(man)'s soul, these individual rise to inspiring heights to help turn the tide of oppression in their neighborhoods and countries.
The authors also tell the stories of Westerners (mostly Americans) who have been inspired to attack these challenges in the developing world. Among others, they tell the stories of Dr. Allan Rosenfield's decades-long campaign for maternal health throughout the world; Jordana Confino's spearheading of Girls Learn International, that partners classes in the United States with others in the developing world; and the students, teachers, and administrators of the Overlake School in Redmond, Washington, which has built and maintained a school in Pailin, Cambodia.
Each of these individual stories is inspiring, and the stated aim of the authors is to inspire us, their readers, to take similar action to combat the challenges facing women worldwide. Indeed, the book provides easy tips for action, and a terrific new website has been launched as an entry point to welcome and educate new participants and activists.
I encourage you to read this book, but with the caveat that those seeking deeper understanding must commit to additional reading in order to build a more complex understanding of the issues addressed. That is, in my reading, although gripped by the stories, I felt that a big part of the story was also missing: where was the structural explanation for the condition of women worldwide? For example, with respect to human trafficking, the authors claim that sex slavery has worsened in recent decades due to: (1) the collapse of Communism, (2) globalization, and (3) AIDS. (pp. 11-12) What is "globalization?" And if one understands "globalization," can one truly state that "this is not a case where we in the West have a responsibility because we're the source of the problem." (pp. 24-25) (See my discussion below.)
The authors also choose to compare oppressions. They state:
'Anybody who has spent time in Indian brothels and also, say, at Indian brick kilns knows that it is better to be enslaved working a kiln.'
(p. 12) I am not sure of the purpose of the comparison: can multigenerational and hopelessly backbreaking enslavement be "better" in any way than sex slavery? And is it truly necessary to compare modern trafficking in humans to the trans-Atlantic slave trade? Does the comparison, as presented here (pp. 10-11), serve to confer a structural understanding of the similarities and differences in these two forms of exploitation? I was also disappointed that the description of the tactic of rape in the Congo did not include a discussion of the role of minerals, such as coltan, as a key stimulus in the ongoing conflict. What are the incentives, other than sheer cussedness and evil, for the continued conflict?
At risk of perceived self-promotion efforts, for readers wishing to explore such structural understanding of human trafficking, I recommend my three articles on the subject: Exploring the Analogy between Modern Trafficking in Humans and the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, 25 B.U. Int'l L. J. 207 (2007); Free Labor! Toward a Labor Liberalization Solution for Modern Trafficking in Humans, 18 Transnat'l L. & Contemp. Probs. 545 (2009); and Follow the Money?: Does the International Fight Against Money Laundering Provide a Model for International Anti-Human Trafficking in Efforts?, 6 U. St. Thomas L. J. 138 (2008).
A deeper structural understanding will point to a more uncomfortable reality: we of the West may be complicit, even in our ignorance, where the trade, economic and other policies imposed by our governments lead to circumstances that facilitate the exploitation of women. It is not enough to gain a micro understanding of the issues. We must gain a macro understanding and plan for influencing policies on the macro level.

Read On! The Origins of African-American Interests in International Law

(Read On! ... occasional posts on writing worth reading)

In honor of the celebration of Black History Month, I recommend Henry J. Richardson III's excellent book: The Origins of African-American Interests in International Law (2008). In this wide-ranging and probing exploration, Richardson, a professor of international law at Temple Law School, identifies and tracks the interests of African-Americans and African-heritage people in international law. His examination begins with the presence of African-heritage people in the New World before the arrival of the Jamestown Twenty, and continues up to and including the War of 1812.
Using the framework and theories of the New Haven School, Richardson deploys a detailed and thorough knowledge of history and international law to probe the "what ifs." That is, if the African-American and African-heritage people of those different eras had had access to the theories, international law conceptions, social institutions, and lawyers, what are the claims that they would have made in regard to their enslavement and subordination. How would they have advocated that international law be defined and interpretated? Acknowledging the necessarily speculative nature of some of his claims, throughout the this masterful work, Richardson demonstrates a passion for American and international legal history and responds to any potential skeptism regarding the interests, claims and stakes of the subordinated African-Americans and African-heritage peoples in the evolution and development of international law. Richardson ends with an invitation for further research.
Read this book, and respond to the two challenges: to learn more about African-American history and the implications for international law AND to be inspired to delve into further research on these topics.

Women @ ASILter

As we have each year since our founding (here and here), IntLawGrrls is proud today to highlight women who will speak at the forthcoming annual meeting of the American Society of International Law.
This 103d gathering of the Society, entitled International Law as Law, will be held next week, March 25-28, at the Fairmont Hotel in Washington, D.C.
Delighted to see from the program that there's much diversity in topics and presenters. As has been the case in recent years, virtually all panels have at least 1 woman participating, and that many have more (those few that do not include women do not, alas, receive mention in this list). Especially proud that so many persons featured are IntLawGrrls or IntLawGrrls guest alumnae -- foremost among them, of course, ASIL President Lucy Reed (right). Kudos to the Program Committee Co-Charis, our colleagues Anthea Elizabeth Roberts, Stephen Mathias, and Carlos Manuel Vázquez!
Without further ado, here's this year's honor roll:
Wednesday, March 25, 8:30 a.m.-12 noon
► "Intellectual Property Rights in China: Reflections and Directions": Victoria Espinel (George Mason) and Tracy-Gene Durkin (Sterne Kessler Goldstein & Fox), panelists; Elizabeth Chien-Hale (Institute for Intellectual Property in Asia), moderator.
Wednesday, March 25, 3-4:30 p.m.
► "Whither the Law of War for the U.S.?": Ashley Deeks (U.S. Department of State), panelist.
Wednesday, March 25, 4:30-6 p.m.
Dinah Shelton (George Washington) will serve as discussant for the Grotius Lecture, "Focusing on the Good or the Bad: What Can International Environmental Law Do to Accelerate The Transition Towards A Green Economy?"
Thursday, March 26, 9-10:30 a.m.
► "A Comparative Look at Domestic Enforcement of International Tribunal Judgments": Lori Fisler Damrosch (Columbia) and Ingrid Wuerth (Vanderbilt), panelists.
► "Responsibility to Protect in Environmental Emergencies": Linda Malone (William & Mary), panelist; Gwen K. Young (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation), moderator.
► "Feminist Interventions: Human Rights, Armed Conflict and International Law": Doris Buss (Carleton, Canada), Janet Halley (Harvard), Ratna Kapur (Centre for Feminist Legal Research), panelists; Vasuki Nesiah (International Center for Transitional Justice), moderator.
► "New Voices: Rethinking the Sources of International Law": IntLawGrrl guest/alumna Annecoos Wiersema (Ohio State), panelist.
Thursday, March 26, 10:45 a.m.-12:15 p.m.
► "Medellin v. Texas and the Self-Execution of Treaties": Avril Haines (U.S. Department of State) and H. Kathleen Patchel (Indiana-Indianapolis), panelists.
► "Piracy Off of Somalia: the Challenges for International Law": Katharine Shepherd (British Foreign & Commonwealth Office) and Malvina Halberstam (Cardozo), panelists.
► "The United States and the Post-Kyoto Climate Change Treaty": Jennifer Haverkamp (Environmental Defense Fund), panelist; Cymie Payne (California-Berkeley), moderator.
► "The Principle of Legality in International Criminal Law": Elisa Massimino (Human Rights First), and IntLawGrrl Beth Van Schaack (Santa Clara), panelists.
► "In What Sense is International Law Law?": Antonia Chayes (Tufts), panelist.
Thursday, March 26, 12:30-2:30 p.m.
Women in International Law Interest Group Luncheon: Judge Unity Dow (right), High Court of Botswana, speaker and recipient of the annual Prominent Women in International Law Award.
Thursday, March 26, 1-2:30 p.m.
► Book Discussion Featuring 2009 Winner of the ASIL Certificate of Merit for Creative Scholarship: IntLawGrrl guest/alumna Mary Ellen O'Connell (Notre Dame), panelist.
► "Multilateralizing Regionalism and the Future Architecture of International Trade Law as a System of Law": Alberta Fabbricotti (University of Rome), Gabrielle Marceau (University of Geneva and Cabinet of the WTO Director-General), and Kati Suominen (Inter-American Development Bank), panelists; Amelia Porges (Sidley Austin), moderator.
► "Closing Guantánamo: The Legal and Policy Issues": Deborah Pearlstein (Princeton) and Joanne Mariner (Human Rights Watch), panelists.
Thursday, March 26, 2:15-3:45 p.m.
► "Is Legal Empowerment Good for the Poor?": Christina Biebesheimer (World Bank) and Kerry Rittich (University of Toronto), panelists; Anne Trebilcock (International Labor Organization), moderator.
Thursday, March 26, 2:45-3:45 p.m.
► Annual General Meeting of the Society, featuring election of officers and presentation of Society awards and honors, among them the medal named after Goler Teal Butcher (an IntLawGrrls transnational foremother), to Mónica Pinto (left) of the University of Buenos Aires.
Thursday, March 26, 3-4:30 p.m.
► "Teaching International Law Interest Group Meeting: Using Simulations to Enhance International Law Teaching": Cindy Buys (Southern Illinois), panelist.
Thursday, March 26, 5-6:30 p.m.
► Plenary: "The United States and International Law During the Obama Administration: Executive and Legislative Perspectives": Joan Donoghue and Anne-Marie Slaughter (both U.S. Department of State), panelists.
Friday, March 27, 9-10:30 a.m.
► "Is the UN Security Council Bound by Human Rights Law?": Vera Gowlland-Debbas (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies) and Gráinne de Búrca (Fordham), panelists.
► "The Impact of International Criminal Proceedings on National Prosecutions in Mass Atrocity Cases": Marieke Wierda (International Center of Transitional Justice) and Olivia Swaak-Goldman (International Criminal Court, Office of Prosecutor), panelists.
► "Judging International Law as Law": Judge Rosemary Barkett (left) (U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit), Judge Unity Dow (above right) (High Court of Botswana), and Chief Justice Margaret Marshall (right) (Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts), panelists.
► "New Voices: Issues in the Human Side of International Law": Janina Dill (Oxford), Angela Banks (William & Mary), and IntLawGrrl Hari M. Osofsky (Washington & Lee), panelists.
► "Governing Through Indicators": Leslie Benton (Transparency International) and Sally Engle Merry (New York University), panelists.
Friday, March 27, 10:45 a.m.-12:15 p.m.
Jane Stromseth (Georgetown) will serve as discussant for a lecture entitled "Transatlantic Views of International Law: Cooperation and Conflict in Hard Times."
► "The Security Council and the Rule of Law": Christine Gray (Cambridge) and Kim Lane Scheppele (Princeton University), panelists.
► "The Future of Corporate Accountability for Violations of Human Rights": Lisa Misol (Human Rights Watch) and IntLawGrrl Christiana Ochoa (Indiana-Bloomington), panelists; Penelope Simons (University of Ottawa), moderator.
► "Challenges of Transnational Legal Practice: Advocacy and Ethics": Laurel Baig (International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Office of the Prosecutor) and Laurel Terry (Penn State), panelists; Catherine Rogers (Penn State), moderator.
► "The Cutting Edge": Karen Knop (University of Toronto), Katerina Linos (Harvard Society of Fellows), and Gabriella Blum (Harvard); Anthea Elizabeth Roberts (London School of Economics), moderator.
Friday, March 27, 12:15-2:45 p.m.
► "Research Showcase: Poster Session": IntLawGrrls guest/alumna Alessandra Arcuri (University of Rotterdam), IntLawGrrl Karen E. Bravo (Indiana-Indianapolis), Melissa Casagrande (McGill), Susan Franck (Washington & Lee), Diane Frey (London School of Economics), M. Florencia Guerzovich (Northwestern University), Claire Kelly (Brooklyn Law School), and Elizabeth Stubbins Bates (London School of Economics).
Friday, March 27, 1-2:30 p.m.
► "Mapping the Future of Investment Treaty Arbitration as a System of Law": Gabriela Alvarez-Avila (Curtis, Mallet-Prevost) and Yas Banifatemi (Shearman & Sterling), panelists; IntLawGrrl Lucy Reed (top right) (Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer and ASIL President), moderator.
► "Irresponsible Arms Trade and the Arms Trade Treaty": Rachel Stohl (Centre for Defense Information), panelist.
► "Anthropological Perspectives on Human Rights Law and Lawyers": Kamari Clarke (Yale), Laura Dickinson (Arizona State), and Ann Janette Rosga (Women's International League for Peace & Freedom), panelists.
► "International Environmental Law Interest Group Meeting: Scientific Whaling and International Law": Laurence Boisson de Chazournes (University of Geneva), speaker.
Friday, March 27, 2:45-4:15 p.m.
► "International Law and the "War on Terror:" A Look Back": IntLawGrrl Jenny S. Martinez (Stanford) and Julia Tarver Mason (Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison), panelists.
► "Border Tax Adjustments: Climate Change, the WTO, and New Tools for International Environmental Law-Making": Ellen Hey (Erasmus University) and Laura Nielsen (University of Copenhagen), panelists.
► "Visions of International Law: Insights from Normative Theory": IntLawGrrls' guest/alumna Mary Ellen O'Connell (Notre Dame); Dianne Otto (Melbourne), panelists.
► "U.S. Implementation of the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice-of-Court Agreements (Resource Session)": Louise Ellen Teitz (Roger Williams), panelist.
Friday, March 27, 4:30-5:45 p.m.
► Plenary: "International Law as Law at the International Court of Justice": IntLawGrrl Lucy Reed (top right) (Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer and ASIL President), moderator.
Friday, March 27, 6:30-11 p.m.
► ASIL-ILSA Dinner Celebrating the Jessup Competition 50th Anniversary: Judge Rosalyn Higgins (left) (former President of the International Court of Justice), speaker.
Saturday, March 28, 9-10:30 a.m.
► "Changing Concepts of State Sovereignty": Rosa Brooks (Georgetown) and Ruti Teitel (New York Law School), panelists; Judge Rosalyn Higgins (left) (former President of the International Court of Justice), commentator; Oona Hathaway (California-Berkeley), moderator.
► "Learning from Doha: Can 'Development' be Operationalized in International Economic Law?": Uche Ewelukwa (Arkansas), panelist.
"Evolutions of the Jus ad Bellum: The Crime of Aggression": Jutta Bertram-Nothnagel (Permanent Representative of the Union Internationale des Avocats to the United Nations) and Elizabeth Wilmhurst (Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House), panelists.
Details and registration for this year's annual meeting are here.

Look On! Considering "Bamako"

(Look On! takes occasional note of noteworthy films.) Yes, I know. The movie "Bamako" was made back in 2006, times have changes, and I'm 3 years too late in recommending it. However, I had the opportunity to watch and consider "Bamako" for the first time this weekend, and believe that its message(s) continue(s) to be timely.
In the film, global financial and economic institutions are put on trial in a traditional village. The lives of the villagers go on around the litigants. The film's powerful critiques of the global financial institutions continue to resonate today, highlighting as they do the contradictory effects of development "aid" on African countries. Populations of countries wealthy in resources continue to be poor -- in fact, according to the film's witnesses for the prosecution, the countries and their populations are now poorer than they had been 5 decades ago. The two sides clash over, among other questions, the issue of whether the fault lies with the individual countries' internal corruption and/or incompetence. What is the role of the policies stemming from the ministrations of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank?
Already we are informed that Africa, although not fully integrated into the global economic and financial systems, is suffering the negative effects of the current worldwide crisis. U.K. Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, has suggested the restructuring and revision of the global economic and financial system. Consensus on this issue is not imminent and, should one emerge, it will be hard fought.
World leaders and negotiators: Consider "Bamako"!


Is Human Trafficking Slavery? Exploring the Analogy between Modern Trafficking in Humans and the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

According to various sources, millions of people worldwide are enslaved, and each year thousands of people are trafficked into the U.S. The modern “re-emergence” of trafficking in human beings and of slavery is said to be linked to the deepening interconnection among countries in the global economy, overpopulation (with its consequent production of disposable people), and the economic and other vulnerabilities of the victims.
Some have analogized to the trans-Atlantic slave trade and slavery in order to emphasize the similarities in the two forms of exploitation and to urge that like-minded people rise up to end the appalling practice, much as was eventually done to end the trans-Atlantic trade. The content of the analogies varies with the intent of their users. Either “the old slavery” is compared to “the new slavery” with respect to, for example, the exploitative treatment of the victims, the dependence of the illicit trade on the legitimate global economy, or the gender, race, ethnicity, or economic vulnerability of the victims in order to distinguish the new slavery from the old. Some invoke the trans-Atlantic slave trade and slavery to assume a mantle of self-righteousness, and distance themselves, their political and economic system, their state and its efforts, from the repugnant phenomenon.
I claim that the analogy to the trans-Atlantic slave trade and slavery is relevant and potentially useful. It has the potential to contribute to our understanding of modern trafficking in humans and thus lead to mechanisms to combat human trafficking in the twenty-first century. However, those who have used the analogy have failed to explore it other than superficially, or to adequately map out the similarities and differences between the two forms of exploitation. As a consequence, the ability to effectively combat the modern traffic in human beings (or indeed, to combat the slavery, or exploitative or forced labor, of the estimated 27 million people who are held in slavery within state borders but not trafficked) has been compromised.
The analogy to the trans-Atlantic slave trade can be relevant if explored more deeply – there are similarities not merely in individual plights but in the deeper structures of the world economic system and the factors that cause and foster the rise in the phenomena. Comparisons of the modern trafficking in humans, white slavery and the trans-Atlantic slave trade reveals the essential nature of the phenomena – at bottom, they all trade in human labor.

The Grrls Are Back in Town

Today, Temple Law School hosts the annual Junior International Law Scholars' (JILS)conference. Created several years ago by Rosa Ehrenreich Brooks and Tim Wu, JILS aims to establish a safe space for its members, pre-tenure and recently tenured international law scholars, to present and receive feedback on works-in-progress, as well as to ensure friendly dialogue between scholars with differing perspectives on the international law project. Today's workshop, organized by IntLawGrrls guest blogger Chimène Keitner (right) and David Zaring, and hosted by yours truly, will also be something of an IntLawGrrls reunion.
There's lots of good stuff on the agenda, including IntLawGrrl Karen Bravo's (left) paper Transborder Labor Liberalization: A Path to Enforcement of the Global Social Contract for Labor?, in which she argues from an economic as well as a human rights perspective that free movement of labor is appropriate and necessary in our globalized economy. We also have IntLawGrrl Hari Osofsky (below right) presenting her work-in-progress, Diagonal Climate Regulation: Implications for the Obama Administration, in which she examines the potential approaches the new administration could take to enforcing environmental regulations and presents a path forward aimed at integrating entities at different levels of government, thereby creating cross-cutting synergies; IntLawGrrl Rebecca Bratspies will comment. I will also discuss my current paper, Resolving Dueling Legitimacies: Buying Into Transitional Justice Mechanisms, which critically examines currently favored transitional justice mechanisms and suggests a new approach that emphasizes the needs and interests of societies afflicted by mass violence; IntLawGrrl guest blogger Meg DeGuzman will comment. Finally, IntLawGrrl guest blogger Jenia Iontcheva Turner (left) will present an early stage work-in-progress on ethical issues faced by international criminal defense lawyers, and how professional responsibility should be regulated in internationalized criminal courts. And of course, there are plenty of other interesting papers on topics as varied as the right to property in international law, federalism and foreign affairs, and comparative employment discrimination law. Wish you were here!
 
Bloggers Team